The Hierarchy of Controls (HOC)
Workplaces contain a wide variety of hazards — from unsafe materials and equipment to risky environments and unsafe behaviors. To effectively manage these risks, safety professionals rely on a structured approach known as the Hierarchy of Controls (HOC).
Understanding the HOC
The Hierarchy of Controls ranks strategies from the most effective to the least effective in reducing or eliminating hazards. The higher a method appears in the hierarchy, the more reliable it is in protecting workers.
(Remember: the success of any control depends on employee understanding and compliance.)
This system is supported by ANSI/ASSP Z10 – Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems, which promotes practical and effective hazard control.
The Six Levels of Control
The HOC is divided into two main categories:
1. Controls that eliminate or reduce the hazard itself:
- Elimination: Physically remove the hazard.
- Substitution: Replace the hazard with something safer.
- Engineering Controls: Isolate people from the hazard through design or equipment changes.
2. Controls that reduce employee exposure to hazards:
- Warnings: Use signs, labels, or alarms to alert workers.
- Work Practice Controls: Change the way tasks are performed to minimize risk.
- Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Provide protective gear when other methods are not sufficient.
Why the Hierarchy Matters
Applying the Hierarchy of Controls ensures a systematic, proactive approach to workplace safety. By prioritizing elimination and substitution over reliance on PPE, organizations can create inherently safer environments and significantly reduce the likelihood of injury or illness.