Mercury in Healthcare
Mercury is a naturally occurring chemical element found in the earth’s crust, including in coal deposits. Mercury compounds exist in three general forms:
- Elemental (metallic) mercury
- Inorganic mercury – formed when mercury combines with elements such as chlorine, sulfur, or oxygen
- Organic mercury – formed when mercury combines with carbon or carbon-containing compounds. These are further categorized into alkyl (carbon-chain) and aryl (aromatic ring) compounds
Mercury is widely used in healthcare instruments and products because of its consistent response to changes in temperature and pressure. Common medical applications include:
- Sphygmomanometers (blood pressure monitors)
- Laboratory and patient care thermometers
- Gastrointestinal devices
Mercury compounds are also used in preservatives, fixatives, and laboratory reagents. Mercury from medical applications can enter the environment through sewer systems, accidental spills, and disposal of medical waste.
Healthcare workers—including those in medical, dental, and other health services—who work with mercury-containing equipment are at risk of exposure to this toxic metal.