Workplace violence refers to any act or threat of physical violence, harassment, intimidation, or other disruptive behavior that occurs at a worksite. It encompasses a wide range of actions—from verbal abuse and threats to physical assaults and even homicide. These incidents can involve not only employees but also clients, customers, contractors, and visitors.
Who Is Most at Risk?
While violence can occur in any workplace, some occupations are at greater risk than others.
- Sales, protective services, and transportation workers face higher risks of fatal violence.
- Healthcare and social assistance employees experience the highest rates of nonfatal workplace violence, often resulting in missed work and emotional trauma.
Key Statistics on Workplace Violence
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI):
- Out of 5,250 fatal occupational injuries in 2018, 453 were caused by intentional acts of violence by another person.
- Workplace homicides have dropped by more than half since 1995, yet the rate has remained steady since 2011.
- Nonfatal workplace assaults have nearly doubled, increasing from 11,690 in 2011 to 20,790 in 2018.
Despite progress in reducing fatalities, the rise in nonfatal assaults highlights a growing concern for employee safety and mental health in many industries.
Consequences of Workplace Violence
For victims, workplace violence can result in serious physical injuries, emotional trauma, and long-term psychological effects. Beyond personal harm, these incidents often lead to:
- Medical treatment and recovery costs
- Lost wages and productivity
- Increased absenteeism and turnover
- A diminished sense of safety and trust in the workplace
Employers also face potential legal liabilities, reputational damage, and higher insurance costs following incidents of workplace violence.
Forms of Workplace Violence
Workplace violence can take many forms, including:
- Harassment and intimidation
- Verbal or physical threats
- Theft, vandalism, or sabotage
- Stalking or extortion
- Assault or arson
- Hostage-taking, kidnapping, or bombing
- Suicide or homicide
For every homicide in the workplace, countless other violent incidents occur where workers are threatened, bullied, or injured.