Introduction
The safety rules for stairways vary depending on how and when they are used. For instance, OSHA sets specific requirements for stairways used during construction and temporary stairs (29 CFR 1926.1052).
Non-self-supporting ladders should be positioned at an angle of approximately 75 degrees to the ground unless the manufacturer specifies otherwise. This corresponds to a 4-to-1 ratio, meaning the ladder’s base should be one foot away from the wall for every four feet of ladder height. The working length refers to the section of the ladder between its base and upper support point.
Stairways Used During Construction
According to OSHA Standard 1926.1052(a), the following safety requirements apply to all stairways used during construction:
- Landing Dimensions: Temporary stairways not part of the permanent structure must have landings at least 30 inches deep and 22 inches wide (76 x 56 cm) at every 12 feet (3.7 m) or less of vertical rise.
- Stairway Angle: Stairways must be installed at an angle between 30° and 50° from the horizontal.
- Uniform Steps: Variations in riser height or tread depth must not exceed ¼ inch throughout the stairway system, including foundation structures used as treads.
- Door Clearance: If a door or gate opens directly onto a stairway, a platform at least 20 inches (51 cm) wide must be provided beyond the swing of the door.
- Metal Components: Metal pan landings and treads must be securely fastened before being filled.
- Hazard-Free Parts: All stairway components must be free of sharp edges, protruding nails, or other dangerous projections.
- Slippery Surfaces: Any slippery conditions on stairways must be promptly corrected.
- Prohibited Use: Spiral stairways that are not part of the permanent structure are not allowed for worker use.
These requirements are designed to minimize trip and fall hazards, ensuring that stairways used during construction are safe, stable, and compliant with OSHA standards.