Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
The Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a leading cause of hepatitis, a liver infection that results in inflammation of the liver. Complications from hepatitis can include cirrhosis (scarring of the liver), liver cancer, and liver failure. Currently, there is no cure for HBV.
Hepatitis B Virus Structure
Visual: Enlarged infographic of HBV structure
In the United States, between 880,000 and 1.89 million people are living with HBV infection, and roughly two-thirds may be unaware of their condition. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in 2018 there were 3,322 confirmed acute cases and an estimated 21,600 total infections of hepatitis B. In the same year, 1,649 deaths in the U.S. listed HBV as an underlying or contributing cause.
Acute vs. Chronic Hepatitis B
- Acute HBV Infection: A short-term illness that occurs within the first six months after exposure to the virus. Acute infection may sometimes progress to chronic infection, but not always.
- Chronic HBV Infection: A long-term condition where the virus remains in the body. Chronic hepatitis B is a serious disease that can lead to long-term health complications and even death.