Designing and Implementing Machine Safeguards
There are multiple approaches to designing and implementing machine safeguarding. Factors such as the type of operation, size and shape of stock, handling method, work area layout, type of material, and production requirements all influence the most appropriate safeguarding method for a specific machine.
For example, power transmission components are typically best protected using fixed guards that completely enclose the hazardous areas. At the point of operation, where moving parts perform work on material, several safeguarding options may be suitable. Always select the most effective and practical solution available.
Five General Classifications of Machine Safeguards
Machine safeguards can generally be grouped into five categories:
- Guards: Physical barriers that prevent access to dangerous areas. There are four main types of guards, which will be discussed in detail in the following section.
- Devices: Safety devices serve various functions, such as stopping the machine if a hand or body part enters the danger area, restraining or withdrawing the operator’s hands during operation, requiring the use of both hands on controls to keep the operator clear of hazards, or providing a synchronized barrier that prevents access during the hazardous portion of the machine cycle.
- Location/Distance: A machine can be safeguarded by positioning dangerous moving parts so they are inaccessible or do not present a hazard during normal operation. This may involve situating the machine so that hazardous areas are away from operator workstations or pedestrian pathways.
- Feeding and Ejection Methods: Properly designed feeding and ejection systems minimize operator contact with danger zones. Some machines require no operator involvement after setup, while others allow manual feeding assisted by a mechanism. Well-designed ejection systems also eliminate the need for operator intervention once the machine is running.
- Miscellaneous Aids: These provide additional safety margins but do not offer complete protection. Their application requires sound judgment. Examples may include supplementary barriers, warning systems, or support devices that reduce operator exposure to hazards.